Thursday, August 27, 2020

Marine Arthropod Facts and Examples

Marine Arthropod Facts and Examples Arthropods are creatures in the Phylum Arthropoda, a differing gathering of life forms that incorporates creepy crawlies, crabs, lobsters, scorpions, and centipedes. Attributes of Arthropods: All arthropods have: Jointed legs, making them brisk moving organismsA portioned bodyA hard exoskeleton made of a solid polysaccharide called chitin. This hard shell secures the creature and holds dampness. Characterization: Realm: AnimaliaPhylum: Arthropoda Natural surroundings and Distribution: Arthropods are found in natural surroundings everywhere throughout the world - dry land, new water, and salt water. In the sea, they can live from seaside environments like sandy sea shores and intertidal regions right to the remote ocean. Generation: Most arthropods recreate explicitly, through inward treatment. In numerous arthropods, for example, crabs, you can see eggs connected to the midsection. Marine Examples of Arthropods: Instances of marine arthropods: LobstersCrabs (e.g., green crab, arachnid crab, loner crab)Horseshoe crabsSea spidersBarnaclesCopepodIsopodsAmphipodsSkeleton shrimp

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Nuclear Holocaust Essay Example For Students

Atomic Holocaust Essay Atomic testing was a worldwide issue during the 1960s. With dangers of atomic war from the socialist nations of the Russia, Cuba and China, the United States was on edge to ensure itself with an atomic weapons store of its own. After the atomic bombarding of Hiroshima and Nagasaki to end World War II, the United States did extra atomic tests in the Marshall Islands, Nevada and New Mexico. General information on atomic radiation was negligible to people in general around then and the United States government couldn't caution their residents about the risky impacts of presentation to atomic radiation. The illnesses and disarranges that emerged as aftereffect of atomic testing could have been forestalled if the administration of the United States had exhorted individuals about radiation and had executed an obligatory departure around the test regions. The innovation of atomic testing was generally new and unexplored during the late 40s and mid 50s. In October 1946, United States president Harry Truman accepted the obligations of the Atomic Energy Commission, or the AEC, and delegated five men to serve on the AEC on a break premise (Ball 22). In any case, into Trumans second term as president, Russia inferred to the world that they were building up an atomic munititions stockpile. This prompted two significant American choices which were consistently supported by Truman: to build a super bomb and to build up a significant nuclear weapons testing office in the mainland United States (Ball 24). With the updates on Russia effectively testing an atomic gadget in 1949, Congress extended the financing of the AEC to $1.5 billion dollars. The United States additionally found that the Russians had gotten data about the Manhattan Project from spies who had worked at the Los Alamos plant. By June 1950, the United States and Russias atomic weapons contest raised to another high with the episode of the Korean War (Ball 24, 25, 27). The AEC hurried in light of Russias atomic gadget. Shot Harry, the name for the ninth atomic test at the Nevada test site, was planned to be tried on May 2, 1953 however was deferred when a past atomic test, Shot Simon, had produced more radiation at that point initially envisioned. On May sixteenth, the test was again deferred due to troublesome climate conditions. The breezes would not hold up on May nineteenth, when the 32 kiloton atomic gadget was at long last exploded. The general bearing of radioactive aftermath blew over the United States, coming to the extent New England and as far south as North Carolina. The authorities at the Nevada test site, with next to no information about atomic radiation, had no information that they were in for awful news (Fradkin 1-4). Radioactive synthetics can join with each other or with stable synthetic concoctions to shape atoms which might be solids, fluids or gases at standard temperature and weight. The radioactive materials might be outside of the body and still emit ruinous radiation. They may likewise be retained into the body with air, food and water or through an open injury. They become significantly increasingly perilous as they discharge their vitality in close separation to living cells and body organs. They can be fused into the tissue or bone. They may stay in the body for quite a long time, hours or up to a lifetime (Bertell). Being presented to the atomic radiation made the downwinders powerless to disarranges they would not have procured on the off chance that they had not been uncovered. The Center for Disease Control announced an a lot higher watched instances of leukemiaseveral times the normal pace of leukemia. in the Utah, Nevada and Arizona zone in 1961. A large number of these leukemia cases were kids, who had been destined to downwinders (Ball 110). Dynamic And Passive Euthanasia EssayThe observing of the instruments ought to have been all the more firmly investigated. Fifty minutes before Shot Harry was exploded, William S. Johnson, who was accountable for offsite radiation wellbeing, had prompted the United States Public Health Service screens that the territory of intrigue was over a moderately uninhabited region southeast of ground zero. An hour and seventeen minutes after the explosion, Johnson actuated screens in different territories (Fradkin 5). Had every one of them been working appropriately, word would likely have gotten out to more individuals. The area of the Nevada Test Site itself was defective. An enormous city, Las Vegas, was close by. A truck driver passing by Las Vegas said about the Shot Henry explosion, The glimmer blinded me for a second or two and gave me a significant alarm. I have seen the Northern lights oftenbut this blast made them look senseless. In Las Vegas, police central command was immersed with calls from startled residents and criminal alerts were set off all over town' (Ball 63). A required departure of Las Vegas shouldve been executed. Picking a segregated site, for example, in New Mexico or Wyoming, where the populace was littler would have been a superior other option. Numerous issues happen at the establishment. In the event that the establishment of a structure isn't solid, it will fall. The determination of the test site was at that point far fetched, having it in nearness to a significant city. As the establishment was not solid, something awful will undoubtedly occur, and it did, as downwind. The aftermath could never have happened if the United States wasnt so anxious to shield itself from Russia. Was it extremely justified, despite all the trouble, the United States causing the unnecessary passings of the downwinders just to guarantee national security? Some high positioning military authorities would concur it was a decent choice yet to the downwinders who endure right up 'til today, going the qualities through their family and more than once observing their friends and family kick the bucket of radiation-related sicknesses, their answer would at last be no. Works CitedBall, Howard. Equity Downwind. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986. Bertell, Rosalie. No Immediate Danger, Prognosis for a Radioactive Earth. Summerton:The Book Publishing Company, n.d. 29, April 2003 . Divine, Robert A. Blowing on the Wind, The Nuclear Test Ban Debate 1954-1960. New York: Oxford University Press, 1978. Fradkin, Philip L. Aftermath, An American Nuclear Tragedy. Tucson: The University ofArizona Press, 1989. Fuller, John G. The Day We Bombed Utah: Americas Most Lethal Secret. New York:New American Library, 1984.

Friday, August 21, 2020

Best Internet Marketing Forums For Bloggers (Updated)

Best Internet Marketing Forums For Bloggers (Updated) Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!Best Internet Marketing Forums For Bloggers (Updated)Updated On 27/06/2017Author : Pradeep KumarTopic : BloggingShort URL : https://hbb.me/2rWXWM1 CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogIf you are a Blogger, Internet Marketer or Affiliate Marketer, then Forums are something which should be an integral part of your Marketing and Promotional campaigns. Earlier we talked about updated Social Bookmarking websites and how they can help you with traffic generation. Now, we are back on the list of awesome forums for Internet Marketing and Blogging.It should be noted that you cant use Forums as something like Facebook or Reddit, its not a medium to self-promote your articles, but these places are a valuable source of information. If you become an active and informative member there, then you can get enough traffic from your signature and profile itself. Apart from that, you can also share your articles in related threads without spamming them.Best Internet Marketing ForumsINTERESTED IN HAVING A FORUM? SEARCHING FOR THE BEST SOFTWARE?10+ Free And Best Open Source Forums You Should Check Out1. Warrior ForumSo far, this remains the best choice for Internet Affiliate Marketers. I have seen plenty of active marketers here and I personally love browsing through various threads. They also have a Marketplace where you can get various offers. If you are a serious business-minded folk, then you should definitely check out their War Room.Warrior Forum member? You can connect with us here.2. Digital Point ForumsThis is the first forum I joined when I started my Blogging journey, I totally love this. They also have a Marketplace section for domains, templates, ebooks, etc. Apart from this they also have some useful tools. Thanks to Digital Point Advertising, you can now sell Ad Spaces on your website as well.READWhy You Should Have Images On Your Blog Posts3. The SitePoin t ForumsSitePoint is yet another popular forum, but apart from that, I really love this forums design. This is so clean and directed, just like Stack Exchange. In this forum, you can also talk about designing and programming as well.The SitePoint Forums member? You can connect with us here.4. WickedFireWickedFire is pretty popular amongst Internet and Affiliate Marketers these days. Im pretty new to this forum, registered few days back only. I guess this platform will give me a comfortable experience like others.WickedFire member? You can connect with us here.5. V7N Webmaster ForumThis is a community for web development and I remember using this forum few years back, I dunno why I stopped it, but right now, this is extremely popular.V7N Webmaster Forum member? You can connect with us here.Tip: You can also check out V7N Web Directory for adding your website links to their directories.Thats it. These are some of the best Internet Marketing forums we have been using for our campaigns and resources. Ill be updating this list with other forums as soon as I experiment with them more and more.DO YOU WANT TO JUMP INTO INTERNET MARKETING? CHECK THIS THEN:4 Hot Trendy Internet Marketing Techniques For Targeted TrafficHope these forums are useful for you. If you know any other forums which you find useful, do share them in the comments below. Well check them and update this article if necessary.

Monday, May 25, 2020

Essay on Global Expansion - 1102 Words

Before entering a dark place, most people tend use some type light emitting device to provide direction and guidance; so they are able to see what is in front of them, so that Do not fall. The same principal should be used when attempting to sell overseas. Before attempting expand into a new market domestically; your success depends on research planning and timing. This will give you the necessary light needed to find out if you have the right offering, and pinpoint a high-potential customer base. In addition, it helps you find the right partners to help you out your planning, then tapping consumer or business markets overseas have the potential to benefit your business tremendously. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The†¦show more content†¦All three nations have large numbers of people who like to maintain a mobile life style but can no longer move around freely. All of three these nations have the ability for great risk and reward. Singapore strategically located in the middle of Asia-Pacific and is becoming the business country of choice, having been identified as a excellent business and social infrastructure, and economic ties with many of the worlds economies. In addition it has a excellent telecommunications network, with sophisticated financial infrastructure, world-class transportation and information technology systems, has made it ideal location For business opportunities. Her continual investment in a highly-skilled labor force, enhancedby the governments emphasis on capabilities and innovation, healthcare and educational facilities, makes it an excellent choice, not only as a base for many businesses, but also as an attractive location for industry expertise and high value investments. In addition, Singapore plays a role as a connector between the East and West. With a population over 3.2 million people and gross national product of $39,000,000,000 it is one of the fastest Grown economies in the world. The national tongue of Singapore is English But there other official languages are Malay, Chinese and Tamil. The majority religion there is Islam but here many others. The current political situationShow MoreRelatedGlobal Warming And The Human Expansion Of The Greenhouse Effect998 Words   |  4 Pagesdue to the impact our current society is having on the planet, and it is because of this that governments have come together to pioneer efforts to try and resolve this issue. [1] The physical basis for climate change revolves around global warming and the human expansion of the greenhouse effect, as pictured below. Ordinarily, the sun’s radiation passes through the atmosphere, is absorbed by the Earth and then is re-radiated back into space as infra-red waves. However, due to human activities, theRead MoreEssay on Global Expansion672 Words   |  3 Pagesthat for service company they must provide customer satisfaction and for a manufacturing company they must provide product satisfaction. To achieve global success a service company must have a good communication with their customers by having well trained employees. The element is having excellent customer service. An obstable to global expansion is the high competition. 3.The merits of having its own staff spread around the world consist of providing the customer quality service. Meaning theRead More Managing Global Expansion1920 Words   |  8 Pagesconsisting of four sections; describes, discusses, and analyzes the major concerns that the owners of XYZ Construction, Incorporated have on expansion and economics. Section one covers the macroeconomic factors that influence the operations of the company. Section two focuses on the microeconomic factors that XYZ Construction, Inc. should consider in the domestic and global markets. Section three dissects the legal considerations that are relative to equipment leases and electronic contracts. Finally,Read MoreManaging Global Expansion7295 Words   |  30 PagesManaging Global Expansion: A Conceptual Framework. Business Horizons | March 01, 2000 | Gupta, Anil K.; Govindarajan, Vijay | COPYRIGHT 1989 JAI Press, Inc. (Hide copyright information)Copyright [pic] There are at least five reasons why the need to become global has ceased to be a discretionary option and become a strategic imperative for virtually any medium-sized to large corporation. 1. The Growth Imperative. Companies have no choice but to persist in a neverending quest for growth if theyRead MoreGlobal Expansion And Background Information994 Words   |  4 PagesWhat geographical location should be a target to global expansion and background information to support the decision (expansion to China). Over the past quarter-of- a century, China has experienced big changes as the economy has transformed from just limited private sector into manufacturing base of the world, these rapid development and transformation become the gateway to vast opportunities for all industries of the world (Dyer Singh, 1998); China regional cities offer diverse of business opportunitiesRead MoreThe Global Expansion Strategy of Starbucks700 Words   |  3 PagesStarbucks Global Expansion Strategy The economic recession has hit many in the United States hard. This has created a situation where many companies are forced to scale back domestic expansion plans because of lower consumer spending. However, the same is not necessarily true for other international markets. In fact, Starbucks is planning an aggressive expansion plan in China for physical expansion, while it is downsizing retail locations in the U.S. Thus, Starbucks is continuing to show signsRead MoreWestern Leadership And Global Expansion769 Words   |  4 PagesThe concept of global expansion has been driven by different leadership practices from the west, as well as the one from the east. However, in this case, western leadership has played a major role in issues related to global expansion despite challenging conditions within the working environment. Undoubtedly, the world is expanding rapidly, and at the same time shrinking in some aspects that have made national borders increasingly irrelevant. In fact, global expansion has been used by western leadershipRead MoreThe Decision For Global Expansion Into France863 Words   |  4 Pagesthe process by which businesses spread to countries throughout the world. Globalization open doors to a plethora of opportunity. The Decision for Global Expansion into France Before companies make the decision to expand globally there has to be research, education and careful consideration preceding it. Global expansion provides an opportunity to reach customers beyond the limit of borders. Globalization promotes positive change for all parties involved as told by Rao (2013). SomeRead MoreThe Expansion Of The Global North And Global South1540 Words   |  7 Pagesto the 19thcentury in terms of labour costs and conditions.† It seems as if the modern world system is moving back to its era of colonisation for promoting unequal power-relations between the global North and the global South. Of course, this notion holds the truth as the North is home to the powerful, global leaders who shaped the world structures and institutions under their capitalist free-market ideology. Meanwhile, the less developed ones usually lose in these exchanges. Hence, this essay arguesRead MoreGlobal Economic Expansion Of Indonesia1536 Words   |  7 PagesWith continuous economic, democratic, and political growth, Indonesia’s abundance of natural resources and location in the heart of Asia’s trade routes can potentially put its region in the forefront to becoming a region that will power global economic expansion in the future. Indonesia’s first President, Sukarno, was a highly respected for his pivotal role in Indonesia’s fight for independence, but his consolidation of political power and old way quickly swayed the people’s support, and forced his

Thursday, May 14, 2020

Domestic And International Asian Students - 1039 Words

Table 3 shows that no significant difference was observed between the overall scores of adjustment in domestic and international Asian students. This finding is different from previous studies that showed East Asian students to have difficulty understanding the academic content resulting in poor adjustment success (Lee, Farruggia, Brown, 2013). To test our main hypothesis, JASP was used to generate data through descriptive statistics, ANOVA and further post hoc analyses. Initially, we generated descriptive statistics to show the raw means. Table 4 displays this descriptive data indicating that international students performed better than domestic students on university adjustment (M = 34.60, SD = 2.60) and social interaction (M = 15.20,†¦show more content†¦To test the second hypothesis, further sampled t-test comparisons were conducted. Table 3 shows a strong significance between the different categories of adjustment, F(2, 81) = 197.09, p .001, ÃŽ ·Ã‚ ² = .813; however, the significance was ambiguous. To see where the difference happened, we conducted t test comparisons. When comparing local university adjustment with international university adjustment (t[4] = -1.990, p .05, d = -.890), local social interaction with international social interaction (t[4] = -0.732, p .05, d = -.328) and local academic achievement with international academic achievement (t[4] = .793, p .05, d = -.355)—no significance was found. In addition, the significant values were found when academic achievement was compared with university adjustment in domestic and international students. This was a potential error of key score differences between the categories (Table 2). Table 5 provides the complete list of all the comparisons and displays where the results showed significance. Through this statistical analysis, our second hypothesis failed to be true as well. Interestingly, an interaction was found to be significant for social interaction and academic achievement. Figure 2 provides a visual representation of this result. Discussion The purpose of this study was to find the underlying differences between international and domestic students. We used Asian students specifically for data to see whether they differ from one another depending on their

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Theological Integrity and Having a Solid Understanding of...

Theological integrity is having a solid understanding of Scripture, including its contexts and interpretations. This does not necessarily mean understanding ancient languages, but certainly understanding the meaning of the Scriptures and the themes portrayed in them. Spiritual vitality is the connection of a person’s spirit with God and the results actions that flows from it. As our lectures point out, to connect the two of them together is to connect the heart (spiritual vitality) to the head (theological integrity). The connection here really is more vital than what many people give it credit for. Many modern pastors focus more on the heart reaction so they preach towards the spiritual vitality and offer encouraging words of hope, grace and love, but seldom reflect on sin, consequences, or suffering as shown in Scripture; you cannot adequately have one with the other. Spiritual vitality without theological integrity is much like having a table without legs. It is saying that we believe in God, but not really know who God is. The content of what we believe makes a huge difference on our personal spiritual life. How we view the Bible in terms of hermeneutics, as well as accuracy, shapes everything we do in our ministry and our lives. For example, if we believe that most of the Bible is pretty accurate, and we can accept the teachings of Jesus, but we reject the Genesis story because it does not match with known science, then we create a mindset that the Bible,Show MoreRelatedGod The Spirit By Beth Felker2164 Words   |  9 Pagesintroduction only style book, there is the risk of glossing over topics and not providing enough in depth discussion to fully understand and comprehend the doctrine discussed. A reader should feel confident that Jones has indeed provided us with a solid introduction to Wesleyan pneumatology that has the ability to bear fruit and initiate growth in the life of the believer. Jones begins in chapter one by establishing the Divinity of the Holy Spirit, something she recognizes cannot be assumedRead MoreMy Personal Experience Of God7569 Words   |  31 Pagestgsmith@umcsc.org Disciplinary Questions – Part I Describe your personal experience of God and the understanding of God you derive from biblical, theological and historical sources. I have a personal relationship with God the Father through the redemptive power of Jesus Christ and the keeping power of the Holy Spirit. I spend time daily in prayer, meditation and reading of the scriptures. My understanding of God is found in The Apostle Creed which states: I believe in God, the Father Almighty, makerRead MoreNatural And Cosmic Theodicy And The Call For A Trinitarian Panentheism Essay2373 Words   |  10 Pagesdimensions.† That is, â€Å"In the biblical and patristic traditions, ‘cosmic’ Christologies and pneumatologies are present,† and the retrieval of tradition is â€Å"important both for the sake of interfaith hospitality and improving Christianity’s self-understanding† in interdisciplinary dialogue. Kà ¤rkkà ¤inen points out that the cosmic Christology of the NT (John 1:1-14; Col. 1:15-19; Heb. 1:2-4) points to â€Å"the integral link between Christ’s role in creation and in reconciliation.† This universal ChristologyRead MoreMass Media and Evangelization in the Church8919 Words   |  36 Pagesup and transformed in to a community of brothers and sisters, a human community, a community of faith and love, witness and service, a community of salvation. Human beings are called to imitate God in their relationships. This constitutes the theological basis for any communication whether among human beings, or between human beings and God. This mission of the Church as building up in Christ a new humanity and a world community springs from within revelation, the pattern of authentic relationshipRead MoreTheology of the Body32011 Words   |  129 Pagesbeginning, seen in Genesis, which sets forth a proper understanding of the nature of man and woman, made in God’s image, as well as the unity and indissolubility of marriage. 2) Man is created by God in the image and likeness of God, not in the image of creatures. This image involves sexual differentiation: â€Å"God created man in his image †¦ male and female he created them.† God pronounced the human person â€Å"very good.† Genesis established a solid basis for metaphysics, anthropology and ethics, whichRead MoreSources of Ethics20199 Words   |  81 PagesNature of Islamic Ethics Islamic ethics is founded on two principles— human nature, and religious and legal grounds. The first principle, natural instinct (fitrah ), was imprinted in the human soul by God at the time of creation (Surah 91:7-8). Having natural instinct, the ordinary individual can, at least to some extent, distinguish not only between good and bad, but also between these and that which is neutral, neither good nor bad. However, an ethical conscience is not a sufficient personal

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Why I Am Blessed Essay Example For Students

Why I Am Blessed Essay I am blessed; I am able to wake up each day with a roof over my family’s head, and my head held high with no shame. I can’t give the glory to anyone but God my savior. My life was a mess until I invited Jesus into it. I was a high school drop out with no future ahead of me. At the age of fifteen I had a son; I thought to myself ‘Why have I been cursed? ’ I felt all alone At least that’s what I thought. I gave up on my life, education, and God all at the same time. Prayed day and night, but they seemed as they weren’t being answered. Things got worse in my life if you ask me. I was living from house to house, hungry and shameful. I felt as if my life was over, or cursed. I’ve been through the storms and lots of pain throughout my life; at the age of fifteen I was in the ninth grade with a child. I had no help because I pushed everyone away by being very rude, with an attitude as if the world owed me something. Eventually those things led me into dropping out of school. Feeling all alone and angry, but I couldn’t blame anyone for my mistakes. I made the wrong decisions in life, so I had to be punished for those actions. Soon I felt if my life was over and there was nothing that I could possible do about it. Until one day I said to myself ‘Shyla you have a son, and you must better yourself. ’ I took my own advice and begun to be a fighter for my goals. Although I didn’t have faith; I started to going to church searching for answers to my questions, which I thought were crazy at the time. Two years ago I was on the path of redemption, until I invited my Savior into my families and I lives. I stepped out the way, and let God provide for us because anything is possible with him. Once I learned how to have faith my prayer life got stronger and they were answered one by one. I’m not saying my life is perfect, but I am where I wasn’t two years ago. I am blessed; for he has saved me from the world, and he’s still working on me. I have gotten back on track with my education: first I have earned my high school diploma from Cornerstone Correspondence high school, which was a huge step for me. After that I enrolled in a CAN training program. I’ve achieved at earing my CAN licenses that I thought was very impossible for me to do so. I’m so proud of myself, for I have accomplished something for once in my life. Felt as if I couldn’t stop there, so I enrolled into Hinds Community College in Raymond, Ms. I am currently on my third semester with a 3. 7 GPA. Yes I am blessed; I have achieved at several of my educational goals within two years. I am on the rite path now and I am truly blessed, but as I said several times God gets all the glory for it. He is real and he is awesome. I have faith, and with faith anything is possible. I have achieved at something that makes my children proud of me. We are stable with God, a house, car, money and joy. I remember when I cried tears of sadness, but now I’m crying tears of happiness and gratefulness. ‘Yes I’m blessed; I am very blessed thanks to my sweet Jesus. ’ I will never stop praying and praising him because I know how my life used to be, and how it is now. My goals aren’t all accomplished, but I’m still on my journey to success.

Thursday, April 9, 2020

David Hume Essays (2083 words) - Thought, Philosophy Of Science

David Hume What Came First: The Chicken or the Egg? David Hume moves through a logical progression of the ideas behind cause and effect. He critically analyzes the reasons behind those generally accepted ideas. Though the relation of cause and effect seems to be completely logical and based on common sense, he discusses our impressions and ideas and why they are believed. Humes progression, starting with his initial definition of cause, to his final conclusion in his doctrine on causality. As a result, it proves how Humes argument on causality follows the same path as his epistemology, with the two ideas complimenting each other so that it is rationally impossible to accept the epistemology and not accept his argument on causality. Hume starts by explaining definitions of causes and characteristics that make up the popular definition of cause. Contiguity is the idea that things go together, or are results of each other. Whatever objects operate together as causes and effects are seen as contiguous. There are chains of causes that lead to every effect, whether or not they can be discovered they are presumed to exist. As Hume puts it, Heat and light are collateral effects of fire, and the one effect may justly be inferred from the other (160). Along with contiguity is the concept of succession. The cause must precede the effect. An object can be contiguous and occur prior to another without being its cause, a necessary connection between the two must be established. The relation of cause to effect does not depend on the known qualities of objects, but instead on the ideas of contiguity and succession, which are imperfect. Hume refutes the definition of cause as something productive of another, because cause and p roduction are synonymous, and therefore one definition using the other is circular. Hume questions why it is necessary that everything whose existence has a beginning, should also have a cause. He also questions why particular causes must have such particular effects, and why is an inference drawn from one to the other. The statement that whatever has a beginning has also a cause of existence is not implied by any of the relations of resemblance, proportions in quantity and number, degrees of any quality, or contrariety; therefore, it is not able to be refutable using reason. Using that logic states that everything that exists must have a beginning, thus needing a cause. If it didnt have a cause then it would have had to produce itself, and that logic would mean that it had to exist before it existed. That argument contradicts itself, because it uses itself as a cause for existence in its premise, when it is proving the concept of cause being a necessity. Therefore, it begs the ques tion to prove cause and effect by relying on the conclusion to prove the premise. The ideas of cause and effect cannot vary too far from actual impressions of the mind or ideas from the memory. We must first establish the existence of causes before we can infer effects from them. We have only two ways of doing that, either by an immediate perception of our memory or senses, called impressions, or, by an inference from other causes, called thoughts. For example, A man finding a watch or any other machine in a desert island would conclude that there had once been men in that island (160). Regardless of the source of the impression, the imagination and perceptions of the senses are the foundation for the reasoning that traces the relation of cause and effect. The inference that we draw from cause to effect does not come from a dependence on the two concepts to each other or from a rational objective look at the two. One object does not imply the existence of any other. All distinct ideas are separable, as are the ideas of cause and effect. The only way that we can infer the existence of one object from another is through experience. Contiguity and succession are not sufficient to make us pronounce any two objects to be cause and effect, unless we perceive, that these two relations are preserved in several circumstances. Instances of which we have had no experience, must resemble those, of

Monday, March 9, 2020

Contract law on either the promise principle or on the principle of economic efficiency Essays

Contract law on either the promise principle or on the principle of economic efficiency Essays Contract law on either the promise principle or on the principle of economic efficiency Paper Contract law on either the promise principle or on the principle of economic efficiency Paper Essay Topic: On Liberty The Social Contract In this essay, these two distinct theories will be examined respectively and illustration will be appearing in cases. Frieds explanation of contract law centers on the promise principle, which he sees as the moral basis of contract law. He suggests that all contracts are promises, which are morally enforceable according to the moral conception a promise must be kept. Therefore it is appropriate for the law to enforce them. Fried argues that by promising we transform a choice that was morally neutral into one that is morally compelled. 1 It is quite obvious that promises, from Frieds point of view, largely rest upon morality as its fundamental ground, which binds the promisor to his individual obligation of keeping his promise. This is a cultural based assumption that risks the danger of generalizing moralities. As the perception of standard of values varies through time beings and societies, it is almost impossible to generate an conception that will be well maintained and equally appreciated by all cultural and religions, especially those distinct from Western cultural basis. After all, cultural is biased, and it should not be understood as a stable or steady ground to bring up enforceability on individuals as to fulfilling certain obligations. Frieds view also presupposes an intention to be bound on the part of the promisor, an individual is morally bound to keep his promises because he has intentionally invoked a convention whose function it is to give grounds-moral grounds-for another to expect the promised performance. He advocates the conception proposed by the will theory, which sees the contractual obligation as essentially self-imposed. It is suggested that this conception carry out an implication of liberal individualism, as individuals are at free choices when facing whether to bring up such obligation at the moment of promising. Notwithstanding the fact that promise principle was embraced as an expression of the principle of liberty,4 Frieds theory gives the implication that a moral obligation attaching to a promise becomes incurred rather than accepted by the promisor. 5 Hence the mere fact of giving a promise is to create a moral obligation to perform it, which is contradictory because now the individual liberty is somehow limited by choices. He also argues that a promise puts the moral charge on a potential act. A promise is a future action or performance invested in present tense. A promise binds into the future, well past the moment when the promise is made. 6 The moral obligation to keep the promise is a mean allowing persons to take responsibility for the good they choose, which demands high attention and respect. Furthermore, the freedom to bind oneself contractually to a future disposition is an important example of this freedom on disposition because in a promise one is taking responsibility not only for ones present self but for ones future self. Putting Frieds theory on testing. In Clifton v Palumbo 7, according to Frieds idea of contract, the court decision would have favored the defendant as the plaintiff had written in his very first note offering the defendant to sell his estate. His first note of writing promised the defendant this offer and so his promise should be kept, regardless of changing his mind later, as he may free to do so, but not free to break his promise8. Nevertheless, the court has hold for the plaintiff because his first note containing phrases and expressions of doubtful significance. Therefore, it did not constitute a contract in first place. In fact, the result of this case shows that Frieds definition is too wide since not all promises are contracts. 9 Frieds thesis is based on the value of individual liberty and responsibility. In contrast, Collins principle of economic efficiency puts emphasis on the balance between the respect for individual liberty and commmunitarian values on the law. Collins defines the purpose of the law of contract as chandelling and regulation of market transactions according to ideal of social justice. 0 He outlines the significant changes in modern law contract from the classical law of contract, which focuses on liberty, equality and reciprocity as ideals of the justice of exchange that make up the conception of the market order. Collins suggests these changes in modern law of contract concerns the legitimacy of the market order. Whereas the ideal of the justice of exchange perceived the virtue of the market order in its respect for the values of liberty, equality, and reciprocity. 11 Collins sees all exchange activities are market transactions, which may involve two or multiple parties. In order to assure that these transactions are operating under a fair sphere, market order should be carefully preserved so that individual liberty will not be interfered. Therefore, he points out the importance of communitarian values on the law. In his view, the states role is to maintain the prescription of fair market. 12 Two criticisms that are brought up to against the assumption of freedom of contract as suggested in classical contract law reinforce the impact of communitarian values on law. Firstly, the freedom of contract facilitates a subtle form of domination, no less effective for being the product of an agreement than if it were imposed directly by the state. 13 Large corporations are at advantage as they may routinely dominate their suppliers through contractual arrangement. Secondly, the fairness of distributive consequence in wealth is yet another result under the influences of freedom of contract because the state ignores the equivalence in value as to both parties. In order to serve in a place of a broad discretion to make enforceable contracts of ones choice, the modern law directly imposes patterns of responsibility and closely regulates the fairness of the distributive consequences of the operation of the market. 14 Collins concludes, modern law insists that the market order can be legitimate only when it achievers a proper balance between, on the one had, a respect for individual dignity and quality and, on the other, a fair distribution of wealth, the avoidance of unjustifiable domination, and a duty to respect the interests of others. 5 In addition, Collins agrees on that court often exercising a certain degree of discretion as case to case. Its the policy considerations that largely influence judges decisions, not the general rules. Furthermore, the policy factors that are taken into account in cases, often clearly signal the presence of the balancing process between respect for private autonomy and the communitarian value of concern for the interests of another runs through the modern law of contractual responsibility. In Holwell Securities Ltd v Hughes 16, the court favors Collins idea as they took relevant policy consideration into account. The plaintiff had posted a letter to excise his option to purchase. However the letter never reached the defendant, an acceptance was not communicated to the offeror. 17 In conclusion, both Fried and Collins theories have contributed greatly to the knowledge of contract law. The promise principle examines the contract through a moral perspective, whereas the principle of economic efficiency explains the law of contract in a social context.

Saturday, February 22, 2020

Assignment 8 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Assignment 8 - Essay Example Most workplace violence cases are being reported to victimize the women. It has been reported that about 2 million people across the United States. Workplace violence pros a higher risk to some of the workers likes the workers that are dealing with public affairs, law enforcement workers, community workers, medical staff and taxi drivers. However, workplace violence may impact the other workers. The bank workers that exchange money, transportation workers and workers those work alone during night shift may have reduced immunity against the workplace violence (Mediate.com, 2013). Pre-Event aspect of the workplace violence deals with the aspects that are prior to the assault. These aspects include the inequality; improper behavior of fellow workers, potential objects that can become a tool for any assault. Employers can minimize the workplace violence event by minimizing the pre-event aspects of the workplace violence. Placing cameras for monitoring and maintaining high security come i n the pre-event aspects. Event aspects of the workplace violence deal in condition of assault. In case of assault one must be trained to deal with the workplace violence. Enabling alarm bells and maintaining the security staff will reduce the impact of the event of the workplace violence. Easy escape passage should also be provided in case of assault. Post-Event aspects of workplace violence are the punishment of the culprit by the employers and the by the law. There should be tough punishment for the culprits, so that no one in a workplace environment should think to try any act of assault. 2. Discuss three occupations which are among the most vulnerable to workplace violence and why. The three occupations that are most vulnerable to workplace violence are the law enforcement agents or police officers, security guards or security agents are most vulnerable to the workplace violence. As police officers are there to protect the other citizens from any criminal activity, they are like ly come to come across the workplace violence. It is more likely for the professions that deal with the general public affairs and interaction to be in workplace violence situation as compared to professions (Mediate.com, 2013). Visiting nurses are also vulnerable the most. Most reported cases of workplace violence victimize the women. Sexual assault, sexual abuse and sexual harassment are some crimes that victimize women the most, when considering the workplace violence. Taxi drivers work day and night to earn bread for the family. Taxi drivers work alone and thus vulnerable to violent attacks (Dol.gov, 2013). 3. Compare the London train bombings in 2005 and the train bombing that occurred in Madrid, Spain in March 2004. The London Train bombing in 2005 and Madrid (Spain) train bombing in March 2004 nominated a terrorist group â€Å"Al-Qaida†. The London train bombing took 39 person’s life and injured about 700 people in the total of four incidents. Three bombs were d etonated in the train at various locations at about 8:50 and the fourth incident of bomb explosion happened after an hour of the train explosions. All of the attacks were done by suicidal bombers that are the permanent citizens of the United Kingdom. The terrorist choose the busiest underground train to attack and preferred busiest office hours to attack the train. All bombers died in the incidents. The terrorists started their journey from Leeds and travelled to Luton where they collected the bombs packed in their back packs. The

Wednesday, February 5, 2020

The Thorns of Becketts Endgame in modern or post-modern period Essay

The Thorns of Becketts Endgame in modern or post-modern period - Essay Example   This essay discusses that a play is a world where a playwright relies on the reenactment of the interconnections between and among the thematic content, form, and function. One type of form and function is deliberately chosen to strengthen and explain one specific theme chosen by the dramatist. Beckett’s application of symbolic characters and tedious sequential development triumphs in reinforcing the senselessness of life, death, loss of faith, helplessness, and horror which come together to depict the status of contemporary humankind in a world imperiled by nuclear warfare.    To discuss the language usage first, Beckett makes use of repetitive conversations and hollow clichà ©s to demonstrate the breakdown of communication. The miseries of every person are contained within himself and his effort to express them fails severely. Individuals cannot understand each other accurately and the effect of terror and the vicious activities of humankind are revolting. Beckett, th rough the exploitation of minimal language, expresses the incapability to communicate expressively. Numerous of the expressions made use of the characters denote extinction, death, lack of mobility and humorous events in the contemporary world.    The play’s setting is a sealed room representing the incapability of the contemporary individual to move without restraint. The characters are bonded to particular things. They are handicapped and reliant upon other people for their actions or movement. It is a representation of the captivity of modern humanity.  

Tuesday, January 28, 2020

Feasibility Study Essay Example for Free

Feasibility Study Essay Going to school requires a lot of paper works. For instance, some courses being offered by a particular school require Accounting Thesis and Feasibility Studies as part of the curriculum. These paper works consume large amount of time since they necessitate a good deal of thinking and analysis. Students usually need to travel or walk in different locations in the process of Thesis or Feasibility making, which also requires time. Though the services needed are offered everywhere near the vicinity, students are in need of good location to assemble- free from disturbance, and with everything they need. The proponents then came up with an idea to design an all-in-one place for paperwork- making where meeting with group mates and completion of the book at the same time are done. This business would strive to eliminate the time lag in waiting and walking for printing, binding, photocopying and encoding. This business also offers discounts in its photocopy services depending on the number of pages. It also provides convenience with its fully air-conditioned environment for students to discuss and share ideas. Aside from this, there is also canteen and free Wi-Fi adding the one-stop shop services of the establishment. Business Name The propose business shall be named as â€Å"A-Z P-Spot† in which â€Å"P† stands for paper works, which is the main reason for the establishment of the business. â€Å"A-Z† means that the area is a One-stop center, with all-in-one services for paper works for the convenience of the students. Business Location This proposed study shall be located at Lopez Jaena St., Butuan City in front of Medonna Mart as shown in Figure 1.1 Vicinity Map. The figure is specifically located 300 kilometers away from FSUU College. This lot, in a current state, is vacant. It has a total land area of 180 square meters. Because it is in the city proper, it is accessible to all those who need it and since it is in the corner establishment, it is easy to locate. Figure 1.1 (Vicinity Map) Services Rendered Conference Rooms – the students can rent a room inside the establishment to meet with colleagues without noise and distraction from other people. Canteen – It can provide the food needs of the students. They will not waste time in going to some other place just to eat since it is already within the establishment. Printing Services – When work is done, they can easily produce a hardcopy for the project and again, they will not be wasting time in going somewhere else just to print. Photocopy Services – Allows students to reproduce copies of the project with discounts. Encoding – Gives student lesser work since they can let other people encode.

Monday, January 20, 2020

Is Collusion Possible :: essays papers

Is Collusion Possible 1. Introduction. In this essay I would discuss the price and output determination under the one essential type of imperfect competition markets- oligopoly. Inter-firm interactions in imperfect markets take many forms. Oligopoly theory, those name refers to "competition among the few", lack unambiguous results of these interactions unlike monopoly and perfect competition. There is a variety of results derived from many different behavioural assumptions, with each specific model potentially relevant to certain real-world situations, but not to others. Here we are interested in the strategic nature of competition between firms. "Strategic" means the dependence of each person's proper choice of action on what he expects the other to do. A strategic move of a person influences the other person's choice, the other person's expectation of how would this particular person behave, in order to produce the favourable outcome for him. 2. Two types of behaviour (Collusive and non-collusive). Models of enterprise decision making in oligopoly derive their special features from the fact that firms in an oligopolistic industry are interdependent and this is realised by these firms. When there are only a few producers, the reaction of rivals should be taken into account. There are two broad approaches to this problem. First, oligopolists may be thought of as agreeing to co-operate in setting price and quantity. This would be the Collusive model. According to this model, firms agree to act together in their price and quantity decisions and this would to exactly the same outcome as would have been under monopoly. Thus the explicit or co-operative collusion or Cartel would take place. Second approach of the oligopoly analysis is based on the assumption that firms do not co-operate, but make their decisions on the basis of guesses, expectations, about the variables to which their competitors are reaching and about the form and the nature of the reactions in question. The Non-collusive behaviour deals with this model. Here, though in equilibrium the expectations of each firm about the reactions of rivals are realised, the parties never actually communicate directly with each other about their likely reactions. The extreme case of this can even imply competitive behaviour. Such a situation is much less profitable for firms than the one in which they share the monopolistic profit. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the case of the possibility of collusion between firms in order to reach the monopolistic profits for the industry, assuming that they do not co-operate with each other.

Sunday, January 12, 2020

Foundation and Empire Acknowledgments

The date was August 1, 1941. World War II had been raging for two years. France had fallen, the Battle of Britain had been fought, and the Soviet Union had just been invaded by Nazi Germany. The bombing of Pearl Harbor was four months in the future. But on that day, with Europe in flames, and the evil shadow of Adolf Hitler apparently falling over all the world, what was chiefly on my mind was a meeting toward which I was hastening. I was 21 years old, a graduate student in chemistry at Columbia University, and I had been writing science fiction professionally for three years. In that time, I had sold five stories to John Campbell, editor of Astounding, and the fifth story, â€Å"Nightfall,† was about to appear in the September 1941 issue of the magazine. I had an appointment to see Mr. Campbell to tell him the plot of a new story I was planning to write, and the catch was that I had no plot in mind, not the trace of one. I therefore tried a device I sometimes use. I opened a book at random and set up free association, beginning with whatever I first saw. The book I had with me was a collection of the Gilbert and Sullivan plays. I happened to open it to the picture of the Fairy Queen of lolanthe throwing herself at the feet of Private Willis. I thought of soldiers, of military empires, of the Roman Empire – of a Galactic Empire – aha! Why shouldn't I write of the fall of the Galactic Empire and of the return of feudalism, written from the viewpoint of someone in the secure days of the Second Galactic Empire? After all, I had read Gibbon's Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire not once, but twice. I was bubbling over by the time I got to Campbell's, and my enthusiasm must have been catching for Campbell blazed up as I had never seen him do. In the course of an hour we built up the notion of a vast series of connected stories that were to deal in intricate detail with the thousand-year period between the First and Second Galactic Empires. This was to be illuminated by the science of psychohistory, which Campbell and I thrashed out between us. On August 11, 1941, therefore, I began the story of that interregnum and called it â€Å"Foundation.† In it, I described how the psychohistorian, Hari Seldon, established a pair of Foundations at opposite ends of the Universe under such circumstances as to make sure that the forces of history would bring about the second Empire after one thousand years instead of the thirty thousand that would be required otherwise. The story was submitted on September 8 and, to make sure that Campbell really meant what he said about a series, I ended â€Å"Foundation† on a cliff-hanger. Thus, it seemed to me, he would be forced to buy a second story. However, when I started the second story (on October 24), I found that I had outsmarted myself. I quickly wrote myself into an impasse, and the Foundation series would have died an ignominious death had I not had a conversation with Fred Pohl on November 2 (on the Brooklyn Bridge, as it happened). I don't remember what Fred actually said, but, whatever it was, it pulled me out of the hole. â€Å"Foundation† appeared in the May 1942 issue of Astounding and the succeeding story, â€Å"Bridle and Saddle,† in the June 1942 issue. After that there was only the routine trouble of writing the stories. Through the remainder of the decade, John Campbell kept my nose to the grindstone and made sure he got additional Foundation stories. â€Å"The Big and the Little† was in the August 1944 Astounding, â€Å"The Wedge† in the October 1944 issue, and â€Å"Dead Hand† in the April 1945 issue. (These stories were written while I was working at the Navy Yard in Philadelphia.) On January 26, 1945, I began â€Å"The Mule,† my personal favorite among the Foundation stories, and the longest yet, for it was 50,000 words. It was printed as a two-part serial (the very first serial I was ever responsible for) in the November and December 1945 issues. By the time the second part appeared I was in the army. After I got out of the army, I wrote â€Å"Now You See It-† which appeared in the January 1948 issue. By this time, though, I had grown tired of the Foundation stories so I tried to end them by setting up, and solving, the mystery of the location of the Second Foundation. Campbell would have none of that, however. He forced me to change the ending, and made me promise I would do one more Foundation story. Well, Campbell was the kind of editor who could not be denied, so I wrote one more Foundation story, vowing to myself that it would be the last. I called it â€Å"-And Now You Don't,† and it appeared as a three-part serial in the November 1949, December 1949, and January 1950 issues of Astounding. By then, I was on the biochemistry faculty of Boston University School of Medicine, my first book had just been published, and I was determined to move on to new things. I had spent eight years on the Foundation, written nine stories with a total of about 220,000 words. My total earnings for the series came to $3,641 and that seemed enough. The Foundation was over and done with, as far as I was concerned. In 1950, however, hardcover science fiction was just coming into existence. I had no objection to earning a little more money by having the Foundation series reprinted in book form. I offered the series to Doubleday (which had already published a science-fiction novel by me, and which had contracted for another) and to Little-Brown, but both rejected it. In that year, though, a small publishing firm, Gnome Press, was beginning to be active, and it was prepared to do the Foundation series as three books. The publisher of Gnome felt, however, that the series began too abruptly. He persuaded me to write a small Foundation story, one that would serve as an introductory section to the first book (so that the first part of the Foundation series was the last written). In 1951, the Gnome Press edition of Foundation was published, containing the introduction and the first four stories of the series. In 1952, Foundation and Empire appeared, with the fifth and sixth stories; and in 1953, Second Foundation appeared, with the seventh and eighth stories. The three books together came to be called The Foundation Trilogy. The mere fact of the existence of the Trilogy pleased me, but Gnome Press did not have the financial clout or the publishing knowhow to get the books distributed properly, so that few copies were sold and fewer still paid me royalties. (Nowadays, copies of first editions of those Gnome Press books sell at $50 a copy and up-but I still get no royalties from them.) Ace Books did put out paperback editions of Foundation and of Foundation and Empire, but they changed the titles, and used cut versions. Any money that was involved was paid to Gnome Press and I didn't see much of that. In the first decade of the existence of The Foundation Trilogy it may have earned something like $1500 total. And yet there was some foreign interest. In early 1961, Timothy Seldes, who was then my editor at Doubleday, told me that Doubleday had received a request for the Portuguese rights for the Foundation series and, since they weren't Doubleday books, he was passing them on to me. I sighed and said, â€Å"The heck with it, Tim. I don't get royalties on those books.† Seldes was horrified, and instantly set about getting the books away from Gnome Press so that Doubleday could publish them instead. He paid no attention to my loudly expressed fears that Doubleday â€Å"would lose its shirt on them.† In August 1961 an agreement was reached and the Foundation books became Doubleday property. What's more, Avon Books, which had published a paperback version of Second Foundation, set about obtaining the rights to all three from Doubleday, and put out nice editions. From that moment on, the Foundation books took off and began to earn increasing royalties. They have sold well and steadily, both in hardcover and softcover, for two decades so far. Increasingly, the letters I received from the readers spoke of them in high praise. They received more attention than all my other books put together. Doubleday also published an omnibus volume, The Foundation Trilogy, for its Science Fiction Book Club. That omnibus volume has been continuously featured by the Book Club for over twenty years. Matters reached a climax in 1966. The fans organizing the World Science Fiction Convention for that year (to be held in Cleveland) decided to award a Hugo for the best all-time series, where the series, to qualify, had to consist of at least three connected novels. It was the first time such a category had been set up, nor has it been repeated since. The Foundation series was nominated, and I felt that was going to have to be glory enough for me, since I was sure that Tolkien's â€Å"Lord of the Rings† would win. It didn't. The Foundation series won, and the Hugo I received for it has been sitting on my bookcase in the livingroom ever since. In among all this litany of success, both in money and in fame, there was one annoying side-effect. Readers couldn't help but notice that the books of the Foundation series covered only three hundred-plus years of the thousand-year hiatus between Empires. That meant the Foundation series â€Å"wasn't finished.† I got innumerable letters from readers who asked me to finish it, from others who demanded I finish it, and still others who threatened dire vengeance if I didn't finish it. Worse yet, various editors at Doubleday over the years have pointed out that it might be wise to finish it. It was flattering, of course, but irritating as well. Years had passed, then decades. Back in the 1940s, I had been in a Foundation-writing mood. Now I wasn't. Starting in the late 1950s, I had been in a more and more nonfiction-writing mood. That didn't mean I was writing no fiction at all. In the 1960s and 1970s, in fact, I wrote two science-fiction novels and a mystery novel, to say nothing of well over a hundred short stories – but about eighty percent of what I wrote was nonfiction. One of the most indefatigable nags in the matter of finishing the Foundation series was my good friend, the great science-fiction writer, Lester del Rey. He was constantly telling me I ought to finish the series and was just as constantly suggesting plot devices. He even told Larry Ashmead, then my editor at Doubleday, that if I refused to write more Foundation stories, he, Lester, would be willing to take on the task. When Ashmead mentioned this to me in 1973, I began another Foundation novel out of sheer desperation. I called it â€Å"Lightning Rod† and managed to write fourteen pages before other tasks called me away. The fourteen pages were put away and additional years passed. In January 1977, Cathleen Jordan, then my editor at Doubleday, suggested I do â€Å"an important book – a Foundation novel, perhaps.† I said, â€Å"I'd rather do an autobiography,† and I did – 640,000 words of it. In January 1981, Doubleday apparently lost its temper. At least, Hugh O'Neill, then my editor there, said, â€Å"Betty Prashker wants to see you,† and marched me into her office. She was then one of the senior editors, and a sweet and gentle person. She wasted no time. â€Å"Isaac,† she said, â€Å"you are going to write a novel for us and you are going to sign a contract to that effect.† â€Å"Betty,† I said, â€Å"I am already working on a big science book for Doubleday and I have to revise the Biographical Encyclopedia for Doubleday and -â€Å" â€Å"It can all wait,† she said. â€Å"You are going to sign a contract to do a novel. What's more, we're going to give you a $50,000 advance.† That was a stunner. I don't like large advances. They put me under too great an obligation. My average advance is something like $3,000. Why not? It's all out of royalties. I said, â€Å"That's way too much money, Betty.† â€Å"No, it isn't,† she said. â€Å"Doubleday will lose its shirt,† I said. â€Å"You keep telling us that all the time. It won't.† I said, desperately, â€Å"All right. Have the contract read that I don't get any money until I notify you in writing that I have begun the novel.† â€Å"Are you crazy?† she said. â€Å"You'll never start if that clause is in the contract. You get $25,000 on signing the contract, and $25,000 on delivering a completed manuscript.† â€Å"But suppose the novel is no good.† â€Å"Now you're being silly,† she said, and she ended the conversation. That night, Pat LoBrutto, the science-fiction editor at Doubleday called to express his pleasure. â€Å"And remember,† he said, â€Å"that when we say ‘novel' we mean ‘science-fiction novel,' not anything else. And when we say ‘science-fiction novel,' we mean ‘Foundation novel' and not anything else.† On February 5, 1981, I signed the contract, and within the week, the Doubleday accounting system cranked out the check for $25,000. I moaned that I was not my own master anymore and Hugh O'Neill said, cheerfully, â€Å"That's right, and from now on, we're going to call every other week and say, ‘Where's the manuscript?'† (But they didn't. They left me strictly alone, and never even asked for a progress report.) Nearly four months passed while I took care of a vast number of things I had to do, but about the end of May, I picked up my own copy of The Foundation Trilogy and began reading. I had to. For one thing, I hadn't read the Trilogy in thirty years and while I remembered the general plot, I did not remember the details. Besides, before beginning a new Foundation novel I had to immerse myself in the style and atmosphere of the series. I read it with mounting uneasiness. I kept waiting for something to happen, and nothing ever did. All three volumes, all the nearly quarter of a million words, consisted of thoughts and of conversations. No action. No physical suspense. What was all the fuss about, then? Why did everyone want more of that stuff? – To be sure, I couldn't help but notice that I was turning the pages eagerly, and that I was upset when I finished the book, and that I wanted more, but I was the author, for goodness' sake. You couldn't go by me. I was on the edge of deciding it was all a terrible mistake and of insisting on giving back the money, when (quite by accident, I swear) I came across some sentences by science-fiction writer and critic, James Gunn, who, in connection with the Foundation series, said, â€Å"Action and romance have little to do with the success of the Trilogy – virtually all the action takes place offstage, and the romance is almost invisible – but the stories provide a detective-story fascination with the permutations and reversals of ideas.† Oh, well, if what was needed were â€Å"permutations and reversals of ideas,† then that I could supply. Panic receded, and on June 10, 1981, I dug out the fourteen pages I had written more than eight years before and reread them. They sounded good to me. I didn't remember where I had been headed back then, but I had worked out what seemed to me to be a good ending now, and, starting page 15 on that day, I proceeded to work toward the new ending. I found, to my infinite relief, that I had no trouble getting back into a â€Å"Foundation-mood,† and, fresh from my rereading, I had Foundation history at my finger-tips. There were differences, to be sure: 1) The original stories were written for a science-fiction magazine and were from 7,000 to 50,000 words long, and no more. Consequently, each book in the trilogy had at least two stories and lacked unity. I intended to make the new book a single story. 2) I had a particularly good chance for development since Hugh said, â€Å"Let the book find its own length, Isaac. We don't mind a long book.† So I planned on 140,000 words, which was nearly three times the length of â€Å"The Mule,† and this gave me plenty of elbow-room, and I could add all sorts of little touches. 3) The Foundation series had been written at a time when our knowledge of astronomy was primitive compared with what it is today. I could take advantage of that and at least mention black holes, for instance. I could also take advantage of electronic computers, which had not been invented until I was half through with the series. The novel progressed steadily, and on January 17, 1982, I began final copy. I brought the manuscript to Hugh O'Neill in batches, and the poor fellow went half-crazy since he insisted on reading it in this broken fashion. On March 25, 1982, I brought in the last bit, and the very next day got the second half of the advance. I had kept â€Å"Lightning Rod† as my working title all the way through, but Hugh finally said, â€Å"Is there any way of putting ‘Foundation' into the title, Isaac?† I suggested Foundations at Bay, therefore, and that may be the title that will actually be used 1. You will have noticed that I have said nothing about the plot of the new Foundation novel. Well, naturally. I would rather you buy and read the book. And yet there is one thing I have to confess to you. I generally manage to tie up all the loose ends into one neat little bow-knot at the end of my stories, no matter how complicated the plot might be. In this case, however, I noticed that when I was all done, one glaring little item remained unresolved. I am hoping no one else notices it because it clearly points the way to the continuation of the series. It is even possible that I inadvertently gave this away for at the end of the novel, I wrote: â€Å"The End (for now).† I very much fear that if the novel proves successful, Doubleday will be at my throat again, as Campbell used to be in the old days. And yet what can I do but hope that the novel is very successful indeed. What a quandary!

Saturday, January 4, 2020

Analysis of William Blakes A Poison Tree Essay - 530 Words

In â€Å"A Poison Tree,† by William Blake is a central metaphor explains a truth of human nature. The opening stanza sets up everything for the entire poem, from the ending of anger with the â€Å"friend,† to the continuing anger with the â€Å"foe.† Blake startles the reader with the clarity of the poem, and with metaphors that can apply to many instances of life. Blake also uses several forms of figurative language. He works with a simple AABB rhyme scheme to keep his poem flowing. These ideals allow him to better express himself in terms that a reader can truly understand. These forms of language better help authors to express their feelings and thoughts that would not normally be able to be expressed by words. The personification in â€Å"A Poison†¦show more content†¦To understand the metaphorical sense of the poem, one must first examine the title, â€Å"A Poison Tree,† which alerts the reader that some type of metaphor will stand to dominate the poem. In the second stanza, Blake employs several metaphors that reflect the growing and nurturing of a tree which compare to the feeding of hate and vanity explored by the speaker. The verses, â€Å"And I watered it †¦with my tears† show how the tears life lead an object of destruction. The speaker goes further to say, â€Å"And I sunned it with smiles† describing not only false intentions, but the processing of â€Å"sunning†, giving nutrients to a plant so that it may not only grow and live, but flourish. In both of these metaphors, the basic elements for a tree to survive, water and sunlight are shown in human despair and sadness. Blakes poetry, while easy to understand and simplistic, usually implies a moral motif on an almost basic level. The powerful figurative language in â€Å"A Poison Tree† is so apparent that it brings forth an apparent message as well. The poem is not a celebration of wrath, rather it is Blakes cry against it. Through this, Blake warns the reader of the dangers of repression and of rejoicing in the sorrow of our foes. William BlakeShow MoreRelatedCritical Analysis Of William Blakes A Poison Tree926 Words   |  4 Pagesand illustrated in William Blake’s poem â€Å"A Poison Tree.† This poem directs the readers to the importance of communication and willingness to forgive. The moment the speaker refuses to communicate his or her anger is the point in which the cultivation of the wrath begins. By looking at the concealment of the wrath and the opposition between communication and concealment in addition to the structure developed by tension we see the metaphorical growth of the wrath as if it were a tree. This leads us toRead MoreA Poison Tree Analysis Essay977 Words   |  4 PagesRunning head: Analysis of William Blake’s A Poison Tree (1794) Analysis of William Blake’s A Poison Tree (1794) Jayne Courtney Kendall Brandman University Abstract This analysis is going to explore each segment to better understand the meaning the author was trying to express and the lessons that we in these words that transcends through all ages. The exploration and analysis will look further in to what we can take away from this writing and lesson we can learn in order for our soul’sRead MoreEssay on The Message Behind A Poison Tree1077 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Blake was a first generation Romantic poet. He lived a long life in which he wrote a copious amount of poetry (Eaves). Blake was also a painter. This aided Blake’s advancing symbolism; he could paint a lovely picture with his words (Eaves). The poem that I have analyzed is A Poison Tree. Blake strategically placed imagery and personification to hide his underlying truth; do not store up anger because horrible situations will arise. At first glance the poem seems hate filled and that he justRead MoreWilliam Blake s Innocence And Experience Analysis Essay1529 Words   |  7 PagesIsha Fidai Amber Drown English 2323 14 September 2016 William Blake s Innocence and Experience Analysis The Romantic Era was a movement in literature that began in the late seventeenth century throughout the eighteenth century that was mainly influenced by the natural world and idealism. Romanticism was predominantly focused on emotion and freedom emphasizing individualism. Formed as an uprising against neoclassicism, romanticism was more abstract, focusing on feelings and imaginations, instead